IP & Network guides
Plain-English IP and network guides, with links to the checks that go with them.
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IP & Network
Subnets and CIDR explained: what /24 and /28 mean
How CIDR prefixes and subnet masks work, how many usable addresses each size has, how to split a range into smaller subnets and how IPv6 differs.
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IP & Network
What is an ASN, and who owns this IP address?
What autonomous system numbers are, how an IP address leads to the network that owns it, why a CDN shows its own network and what an ASN lookup can and can't tell you.
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IP & Network
VPNs explained: what they hide and what they don't
What a VPN actually hides from your network, your internet provider and websites, what it doesn't hide, and how to choose a VPN company sensibly.
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IP & Network
Is your VPN working? Check your IP address and location
A simple four-step check that your VPN changes the IP address, network and country websites see, what the results mean and what to do if it isn't working.